Used Packages

Debian / Ubuntu

sudo apt update
sudo apt install texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-extra texlive-lang-czechslovak texlive-xetex

or the full package

sudo apt update
sudo apt install texlive-full

Fedora

sudo dnf install 'tex(fontspec.sty)' 'tex(babel-czech)' 'tex(amsmath.sty)' \
'tex(amsfonts.sty)' 'tex(amssymb.sty)' 'tex(amsthm.sty)' 'tex(graphicx.sty)' \
'tex(xcolor.sty)' 'tex(url.sty)' 'tex(textcomp.sty)' 'tex(parskip.sty)' \
'tex(booktabs.sty)' 'tex(icomma.sty)'

or

sudo dnf install texlive-collection-latexrecommended texlive-collection-latexextra texlive-collection-langczechslovak texlive-xetex-bin

or the full package

sudo dnf install texlive-scheme-full